In complete feed, in addition to the feed composition that supplies energy and protein, livestock and poultry also need to be provided with various vitamins, trace elements, and other nutrients due to the centralized feeding in closed livestock sheds. However, the content of these ingredients in general feed is often insufficient and must be added separately. Usually, various amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements required by livestock and poultry are pre-mixed and prepared into additives for ingredients. The following is a brief description of amino acids: Adult livestock and poultry need eight kinds of amino acids to maintain life: lysine, methionine, tryptophan, valine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine and threonine; livestock and poultry in the growth period need histidine and arginine in addition to the above essential amino acids to ensure normal growth and development; young livestock and poultry also need glycine, cystine and tyrosine in addition to the above.
It can improve the utilization rate of protein and meat quality in animals. Bean cake, fish meal, and bone meal are rich in lysine. If they are used in compound feed, there is generally no lack of lysine. The protein utilization rate of corn (2446,11.00,0.45%), cottonseed cake, sesame oil cake, etc., is low. When used to feed pigs, chickens, etc., an appropriate amount of lysine needs to be added. Usually, 0.2% to 0.3% lysine can be added to barley and corn to increase the protein utilization rate from 50% to 70% to 80%. About 90% of lysine is produced by molasses fermentation.
It is a fortifier for food and feed, which has the effect of improving the quality of lean meat, increasing egg production, and milk production. Its dosage accounts for about 0.05% to 0.30% of the feed. The test results show that adding 0.5kg of methionine to compound feed is equivalent to adding 25kg of fish meal. Methionine has been used for more than 20 years, and has developed more rapidly in the past 10 years. The annual growth rate of methionine production in the world is 29%.
The key to developing methionine production lies in the production of raw materials, acrolein and methyl mercaptan. The industrially synthesized methionine analogue 2-tert-butyl-4,4-hydroxyanisole (MHA) with hydroxyl groups can replace methionine. In the animal body, MHA absorbs amino groups to replace hydroxyl groups and transforms into methionine. 1.2gMHA is equivalent to 1g methionine.
It can participate in the renewal of plasma proteins, promote the role of riboflavin, and contribute to the synthesis of niacin and heme. When livestock and poultry lack tryptophan, their growth stagnates, their weight decreases, and the testicles of male animals atrophy. It is mainly used as an artificial milk additive for piglets, with an addition amount of 0.02% to 0.05%; a small part is used in the diet of sows and laying hens.